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Public Service Broadcasting: A Best Practices SOURCEBOOK


Code of Conduct for Radio Operators Nepal 2008 रेडियो संचालकहरूका लागि आचार संहिता २००८


A Sleeping Bag for
Mr. Fox

A Collection of Flash Fictions
Author: Vinaya Kasajoo
Publisher: Bibek Sirjanshil Publication, Nepal
Price NRs. 75.00

बालसंसार Children's World
Media & Literature for Children»

बाल भित्तेपत्रिका तालिम निर्देशिका

 

 

 



डाउनलोड गर्नुस्

उच्चस्तरीय मिडिया सुझाव आयोगको प्रतिवेदन २०६३
हेर्न र डाउलोड गर्न यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुस्

 

 
मिडियाको लोकतन्त्रीकरण
Democratization of Media
लोकतान्त्रिक नेपालमा जनतको हातमा संचार अधिकार कस्तो र कसरी विषयमा देशव्यापी छलफल चलाउनका लागि पुस्तक ।
यहाँ क्लिक गरेर यो पूरै पुस्तक डाउनलोड गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ । ४८ पृष्ठको यो पुस्तक पच्चिस रुपैयाँमा बजारमा किन्न पाइन्छ ।

जनसंचार र प्रजातन्त्रीकरण नेपालको सन्दर्भमा एक अध्ययन
सर्वांगीण विकास अध्ययन केन्द्रले २०५३ सालमा प्रकाशित गरेको अध्ययन प्रतिवेदनको परिशिष्टमा दिइएको

नेपालमा जनसंचारको विकासक्रमः संक्षिप्त इतिहास PDF मा जंगबहादुरको गिद्धेप्रेसदेखि गाउँले पत्रिका देउरालीसम्मको कालक्रम थाहा पाउन यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुस् ।

सामुदायिक रेडियो हाते किताब (निर्देशिका)
युनेस्कोद्वारा प्रकाशित तथा विनय कसजूद्वारा अनुदित यो सचित्र पुस्तकको चित्रबिनाको पाठ्य सामग्रीमात्र हेर्न र डाउनलोड गर्न यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुस् ।

द नेट फर जर्नलिस्ट पत्रकारहरूका लागि इन्टरनेटको उपयोग गर्न सिकाउने यो पुस्तकले आफूलाई चाहिने जानकारी, सूचना कहाँबाट र कसरी पाउने भन्ने मात्रै सिकाउँदैन, त्यसरी पाएको सूचनालाई कसरी मूल्यांकन गर्ने र आधिकारिकता पत्ता लगाउने भन्ने पनि सिकाउँछ । यसमा पत्रकार आफैले ब्लग, इन्टरनेट फोन, पोडकास्टिङ (इन्टरनेटबाट रेडियो प्रसारण) आदि संचालन गर्न पनि सिकाइएको छ । यो किताब किन्दा सँगै एउटा तालिम निर्देशिका र सफ्टवेयरसहितको सीडी पनि पाइन्छ ।

विकासशील देशका छापा र प्रसारण पत्रकारहरू तथा पत्रकारिताका विद्यार्थीहरूका लागि लक्षित गरी युनेस्कोले थम्सन फाउण्डेसन र कमलवेल्थ ब्रोडकास्टिङ एसोसिएसनसँग मिलेर तयार पारेको यो पुस्तक आफ्नो कम्प्युटरमा डाउनलोड गर्न यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुस यसको लागि पैसा लाग्दैन । यसको साइज 2.09 MB छ । यो किताबमा भएका सामग्रीहरू उपयोग गर्नका लागि प्रकाशकको अनुमति लिनुपर्छ ।


हाउ टु डु कम्युनिटी रेडियो

फिलिपिन्समा सामुदयिक रेडियोका अगुवा लुइ ताबिङद्वारा लिखित तथा युनेस्कोद्वारा प्रकाशित सामुदायिक रेडियो चलाउनका लागि आधारभूत पुस्तक । यो पुस्तकमा भएका सामग्री उपयोग गर्दा लेखक र प्रकाशकको अनुमति लिनुहोला । यहाँ क्लिक गरेर पुस्तक डाउनलोड गर्नसकिन्छ ।
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कम्युनिटी रेडियो द पिपुल्स भ्वाइस
सामुदायिक रेडियोको क्षेत्रमा गहकिलो अनुभव बटुलेको देश दक्षिण अफ्रिकाको अनुभवमा आधारित तथा दक्षिण अफ्रिकाका ६ जना लेखकले लेखेको यो पुस्तक सामुदायिक रेडियो स्थापना र संचालन गर्न खोज्नेहरूका लागि निक्कै उपयोगी छ । लेखक र प्रकाशकको लिखित अनुमित नलिई पुस्तकको कुनै पनि अंशको पुनः उपयोग गर्न सकिन्न । तर नाफा कमाउने उद्देश्य नराखी पुस्तकका केही अंश उपयोग गर्न सकिन्छ । यहाँ क्लिक गरेर पुस्तक डाउनलोड गर्न सकिन्छ । ।
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सामुदायिक रेडियोको विश्वभरि परेको सामाजिक प्रभावको एमार्कले गरेको अध्ययन र मूल्यांकन हेर्नुहोस् ।

Recent Books of
Vinaya Kasajoo


Baal Katha Lekhan
(How to Write Kids' Stories)
Visit www.balsansar.com


Baghko Satkar
(Stories for Children in Nepali Language)
 

Click here to Download PDF

Musa lai Dosalla
ra Aru Bal Kathaharu
(In Honour of a Rat and Other Stories for Children)

 
Rights & Responsibilities of Journalists
A Handbook Produced by Centre for Media Rights (CMR), Nepal with the support of Nepal Media and Demoractic Strengthening Project/IMPACS
 
A presentation of Dreams & Ideas : Service Provider of Web, Print & Multimedia
 

Pro-people Media (English)

Alternative Media for Rural People

-Vinaya Kasajoo

Men have achieved unimaginable development in the field of information technology (IT) during last two decades and unpredictable things are going to happen in the coming century in the field of IT. Any body with a telephone and a computer can have access to every kind of information of the world. Actually the 21st century is going to be the century of information. But what is there in the IT stuff for the vast majority of the people who live in the Third World and specially in the remote and rural areas?

In the rural areas of Nepal, schoolbooks of the children, labels and wrapper on the commercial goods and posters and pamphlets during election are the only printed paper the people usually see. If knowledge is the fuel for change, i. e. development, where is that fuel for the majority of the people of Nepal?

During last four decades the world has spent a lot of resources for the development of the people, the community and the nations. But the development goals have not been achieved and they are changing continuously. Now it has become quite clear that whatever the target of the development, it cannot be achieved without empowering the people. There is no doubt that knowledge or information is the key to empowerment and communication is the vehicle to transfer that knowledge.

Situation of Mass Communication in Nepal

After the reinstallation of multi party system in Nepal in 1990 the constitution has guaranteed various democratic rights to the people. Among those fundamental rights the right to information and freedom of expression are significant rights. But there is no practical means to utilize those rights on the part of underprivileged people, most of whom live in rural areas.

Although Nepal has experienced an information explosion since the advent of democracy, its impact has barely been felt outside the capital city, Kathmandu and some of the big towns. Most of the rural areas have only limited access to books, newspapers and the electronic media. As a result people are deprived of basic information such as health, sanitation, environmental conservation, population, control of AIDS, new technologies, income generation activities and other important issues which are quite important for the development of the people. Lack of information also restricts the opportunity for rural people to play an active role in democracy.

In the hill areas the traditional village-criers are still there. Wells and waterspouts were the regular meeting places of most of the villagers. But after the villages got tap water through polythene pipes their regular meetings were hindered. There is no easy way to know what is happening in the local neighborhood.

Problems of Mass Media

Mass media in Nepal have not been able to play the role of changing the life and mind of the people it should have done. It has not been considered as an effective agent of development. Most of the newspapers seem to be mouthpiece of political parties. The government controlled electronic and print media and the newspapers published from private sector also are targeted to the elite urban readers. There is very little for the rural and new literate people. Broadcasting fails to reach the majority of the rural poor. Massive illiteracy prevents the print media from reaching the people. Limited transport facilities and adverse geographical conditions restrict the free flow of newspaper and radio transmission. Linguistic and ethnic diversity also limits the usefulness of centralized mass media.

One of the reasons why people are poor is because they lack access to information about ideas and technologies, which could improve their lives. Dissemination of information is the greatest challenge for the development of the rural poor. To meet this challenge many efforts have been started in Nepal during last five years.

Efforts to meet the challenge

To meet this challenge a local NGO, Rural Development Palpa (RDP) started a weekly rural newspaper Gaunle Deurali in 1993 with the financial support from The Asia Foundation for equipment and operational costs for three years.

Today RDP's eight professional staff working together with community-based contributors, mostly barefoot journalists, produce the newspaper, which is distributed in more than 25 districts in Nepal. It has a modern computer-equipped newspaper office and offset printing press in the remote hilly district of Palpa, 300 km. west of Kathmandu.

Gaunle Deurali is produced for and by the rural people of the Middle Hills of Nepal, a unique geographical area sharing many common problems and challenges along with rich cultural tradition and ethnic diversity. A special focus point for Deurali is new literate adult readers living in remote rural areas, who often have no access to reading material after they learn to read in non-formal education classes.

Objectives

Deurali aims to dignify rural life and empower rural people through rural media, by fulfilling the following objectives:

 
  • To give a voice to rural people and a forum for the exchange of their information, opinions and experiences.
  • To encourage rural new literate people to continue reading.
  • To inform rural people about development activities in rural areas.
  • To expose rural problems to government organizations and NGOs.
  • To strengthen democracy in rural areas.
  • To support the introduction of income-generation activities.
  • To inform rural people about appropriate modern technologies.
  • To inform rural people and exchange their ideas about improving indigenous technologies.
  • To raise awareness about environment conservation and sustainable development.
  • To expose rural people who are providing community service.
  • To support the development activities of women and unprivileged people.

Empowerment in Action

RDP's experience with rural newspaper has proven that when the problems and feelings of disregarded voiceless rural people are printed they feel empowered. They realize they have a place in their own community and the democratic decision-making process. The feeling of self-respect and self-confidence is increased.

The result is even greater when rural people can produce their own newspaper articles, respond to others views, and participate in the production of the newspaper, with the support of training courses and other activities such as Barefoot Journalism Training.

Barefoot Journalists

RDP felt the need of a new breed of journalists who are dedicated to change the fate of rural people and give voice to the underprivileged. Deurali needs journalists in rural and remote areas who can report the down to earth, the real people, their problems and their aspirations. Development workers, schoolteachers, students, farmers, health workers, housewives, members and staff of Village Development Committee with a basic knowledge of journalism can be reporters.

RDP conducted the first such training in June-July, 1992. The performance of the first batch inspired RDP for producing more barefoot journalists. And the process of producing barefoot journalists through training programmes is continuing.

Community Broadcasting and Community Audio Tower (CAT)

Since Nepal has a very low literacy rate print media cannot play vital role in educating the people in comparison to broadcast media. Sale and distribution of printed material has limited scope due to the difficulty in transportation and low purchasing power. Therefore community broadcasting can be very useful in the remote areas of the country. In this situation Community Audio Tower and Community Broadcasting Programmes, if planned, managed and handled properly, can server the purpose of empowering and changing the rural people.

In Nepal there is provision to give license for the private radio station. Most of the development-oriented organizations and some of the Village Development Committee have visualized the community broadcasting as an effective media for the empowerment/ development of the mass. In this respect an audio tower can be a pre broadcasting exercise in the rural areas. Such systems have been successfully conducted in other counters such as Philippines, Shrilanka, Thailand etc. for the development of the community. In some villages of Nepal too such audio towers are under operation. They are totally controlled and managed by the community.

Objectives of the Community Broadcasting

Community Broadcasting is not a commercial broadcasting. It encourages a high level of participation of all the sectors in a community in the ownership, operation and control of the media. The target is the community as a whole including all the minorities, underprivileged class of the people. It is run/ handled not by the professional journalists, but by rural based barefoot journalists, farmers, mid level technicians based in the village, local representatives of the people, village development workers, local artists, school teachers and students most of whom are volunteers. They decide what to broadcast how to produce program and they make rules and regulations to operate it efficiently.

Main features of the program:

  • Local news
  • Local views/debate on issues of local and national interests.
  • Interviews of Local and Outsider experts
  • Highlighting local talent, skill, technology and expertise.
  • Local advertisements, which can generate small income and make the station sustainable.
  • Any information which help to promote the life, dignity and happiness of the community.
  • Main focus on health, nutrition, sanitation, drinking water, conservation of natural resources, prevention of AIDS and other diseases, family planning, human rights, democracy etc.

Because Radio Broadcasting is the cheapest form of Mass communication it lends itself to 'grass roots' use by communities of interest - geographical, cultural, political. Its potential is to be run by and for local communities, special interests and followings.

Madi Valley Community Broadcasting Project

It was started as a pre-broadcasting exercise for the real broadcasting in the future.

Seven sub committees and one main committee operate it. All the members of the committee are women. The are from different classes, castes and ethnic groups. The result has been enthusiastic. Similar Programmes are being run in other districts too and the number is increasing.

Support from MS Nepal

MS Nepal, a Danish organization for international cooperation started supporting RDP in 1994. The support has been in many fields, but its main target is to increase the quality of the content of the newspaper through journalism training. Other activities of the support targeted to increase the circulation and strengthen the organization through staff development. Several initiatives have come out of this support including different kinds of training such as barefoot journalism training, specific journalism training for women, basic photography training for rural people and graphic design training, book keeping training, repro camera operation training for the staff. RDP's management assignment, readership survey and trial subscription of Deurali for MS cooperation partners are some other forms of cooperation with MS Nepal.

Madi Valley Community Broadcasting Project is a significant support from MS Nepal. MS Nepal has supported RDP with an expert on radio journalism. It has also provided funds for feasibility study of FM Broadcasting in the valley and equipment and training for the project.

Similar efforts for alternative rural media are started in some other districts too. After the successful operation of Deurali The Asia Foundation supported to publish another rural newspaper Gaun Ghar in Dang district. The World View Nepal has been conducting training for audio towers. Recently Nepal Press Institute also has undertaken training programmes in broadcasting. But the number of such initiatives is quite insufficient in view of the great mass of the rural people. The world which has been divided into 'Haves and Have-nots' are again being divided rapidly into Information-rich and Information-poor. There is a big challenge for new communication technology to fill this gap and alternative media can help to face this challenge.

(Published in TODAY National and International Magazine, A Special Issue on Nepal & Denmark Relations; Vol. 16, No. 2 Apr/May 1998)

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नयाँ लेख
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डिजिटल संचार युगमा जनप्रतिनिधित्व
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पाल्पाको सन्दर्भमा पत्रकारिताका अवसर र चुनौती

मिडियाको लोकतन्त्रीकरणा र सामाजिक आन्दोलन (मिडिया अध्ययन ४ मा प्रकाशित)

एक्काइसौँ शताब्दीको शक्तिः सूचना र ज्ञान

संवाद, समझदारी र मेलमिलापका लागि मिडिया

लोकतन्त्रमा स्वतन्त्र प्रेस र नागरिक समाज (गोरखापत्र)

इन्टरनेटको खतराबाट केटाकेटीलाई कसरी जोगाउने ?

स्वतन्त्र प्रेसका लागि सूचनाको हक

यस कारण थाहा चाहियो

जनताको हातमा संचार शक्तिको अर्थ

बालसाहित्य सर्जकसमक्ष हाँकहरू

भारतीय जनता पार्टीको आईटी सपना

शक्ति सन्तुलनमा प्रेसको भूमिका

मिडिया र मूल्यमान्यता (Media and Values)

प्रेसः अंगुर निचोर्नेदेखि दिमाग निचोर्नेसम्म

पत्रकारको सुरक्षा कसको दायित्व?

डेनमार्कमा वायु उर्जा

सूचनाको हक र प्रेस

सूचनामा जनताको पहुँचका लागि सूचना व्यवस्थापन

मिडियाको लोकतन्त्रीकरण र सामाजिक आन्दोलन

नेपालको संघीय संरचना र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध

लोकतन्त्रमा सूचनाको हक

विकासको लागि रेडयो र इन्टरनेटको मेल

नयाँ संविधानमा सूचना र संचार

इन्टरनेटमा हीरा कि कीरा ?

संविधान निर्माण धाराका आधारहरूको अभिलेखन र संरक्षण अत्यावश्यक

रेडियो र मोबाइल फोनको मेल

नेपाली च्यानलका अवसर

सुशासन र सूचनाअधिकार

बालबालिकाका लागि रेडियो नाटक

परिवर्तनका लागि मोबाइल फोन

लोकतन्त्रमा सूचनाको हकः अवसर र हाँक

सूचनाअधिकार र प्रेस

जनअधिकारका लागि सूचनाको हक

जनसत्ताका लागि छैटौँ सत्ता

 
नयाँ नेपालमा संचार शक्ति जनताको हातमा

गाउँको विकासमा सूचना तथा संचार प्रविधि

अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रता, सूचनाको हक र गोपनीयता (०५३-५४)

मिडिया भन्ने कि प्रेस?

ऐतिहासिक गिद्धे प्रेस

सञ्चारको लोकतन्त्रीकरण र पुनःसंरचनाको एजेन्डा

नेपालको पुनःसंरचनामा संचारको भूमिका

नेपालको नवनिर्माणमा बालसाहित्यको भूमिका

सम्विधानसभाका लागि मिडियाको भूमिका

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Interview on IT broadcast through Radio Sagarmatha
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गाउँमा आर्थिक क्रान्तिका लागि मोबाइल फोन

आर्थिक विकासमा मोबाइल फोनको यही महत्वले गर्दा नै चिन, भारत, फिलिपिन्स, दक्षिण कोरिया जस्ता द्रुत गतिले आर्थिक प्रगतितिर लम्किरहेका देशहरूमा मोबाइल फोनको विकासले फडको मारिरहेको छ । ती देशहरूमा कम्प्युटरभन्दा मोबाइल फोनको संख्या, सेवा र व्यवसाय धेरै बढिरहेको छ । अहिले चिनमा सयकडा बीस जनाभन्दा धेरैको हातमा मोबाइल फोन छ । त्यस्तै भारतका गाउँगाउँमा पनि मोबाइल फोन पुग्न थालेको छ ।
भौतिक पूर्वाधारको अभाव, ठूलो लगानी, सुरक्षा आदि विभिन्न कारणले गर्दा नेपालमा गाउँगाउँमा परम्परागत तारयुक्त टेलिफोन पुर्याउनु सजिलो छैन । ताररहित सूचना प्रविधि नै यहाँको लागि सबैभन्दा उपयुक्त र प्रभावकारी उपाय हो । रेडियोले एकतर्फी सूचना प्रवाहित गर्छ भने टेलिफोनले दुई तर्फी । यसैलै नेपालमा अहिले बढिरहेको मोबाइल फोनलाई कृषि बजारको विकासँग जोडेर हेर्नु अति आवश्यक छ । बाँकी अंश»

अहिलेको विश्वमा विकास संचारको सान्दर्भिकता

भारतको पूर्वी समुद्र तटीय राज्य पोण्डेचेरीको एउटा गाउँ नाल्लवधुमा सुनामी महाभूकम्पले उत्पन्न गरेको समुद्री छालको पानी पस्यो तर त्यहाँ कसैको पनि मृत्यु भएन । छाल आउनुभन्दा पहिले नै सबै गाउँलेहरू घर छाडेर सुरक्षित ठाउँमा गइसकेका थिए । बाँकी अंश»

कम्प्युटरमा नेपाली र नेपालीमा कम्प्युटर

कम्प्युटरको मनिटर, मेनु र सन्देशहरू देवनागरी लिपिमा नेपाली भाषामा चल्ने वा देखिने नभएसम्म र नेपाली भाषामा दिएको आदेशअनुसार कम्प्युटरले काम नगर्दासम्म अंग्रेजी नजानेका साक्षर नेपालीले कम्प्युटरको उपयोग गर्ने सम्भावना छैन । नेपाली भाषामा कम्प्युटर चलाउने प्रविधि सुरु भयो भने झण्डै आधा जनसंख्याको हाराहारीमा रहेका साक्षर नेपालीहरू कम्प्युटर चलाउनसक्ने अवस्थामा पुग्नेछन् । बाँकी अंश»

 
 
Community Audio Tower, Daanda Bazar, Nepal
Community Audio Tower
Daanda Bazar, Nepal

Empowering Rural People through Communication

In the rural areas of Nepal, schoolbooks of the children, labels and wrappers of the commercial goods and posters and pamphlets during election are the only printed paper the people usually see. If knowledge is the fuel for development, where is that fuel for the majority of the people of Nepal? Read More »

Where are we in the Global Map of IT?

The main vision of the Nepalese IT Policy 2000 is to “Place Nepal on the Global Map of information technology within the next five year.” Where are we in that map after losing three precious years?
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What IT can do in Nepal? How can it help the poor?

Power of IT and Its Use in Nepal is the first book that tries to address these questions. Published in Nepali language, it explains the technical and practical aspects of information technology and its significance for the developing countries like Nepal.The 210 page book costs Rs. 200. Download full Nepali text in PDF file.

 
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